This article from the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition explores some of the ways that lean muscle mass affects our health. Our muscle mass is important not only for maintaining strength and fitness, but also because it plays an important role in our immune system, ability to recover from illness and injury, and in safeguarding from chronic conditions like diabetes and osteoporosis. Muscle mass, in fact, becomes a leading indicator of health, longevity, and the ability to live independently as we age.